Dr Mustafa Menshawy is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at the University of Lancaster’s SEPAD, the Sectarianism, Proxies and De-Sectarianization Project. He authored two books and several articles, including Leaving the Muslim Brotherhood: Self, Society and the State (Palgrave 2020) and ‘Constructing State, Territory, and Sovereignty in the Syrian Conflict’ (Politics journal 2018).