Economic and defence deals, along with the Turkish president’s personal ties with regional leaders, to boost relations.

Many Arab states have accepted that Bashar al-Assad’s government has survived in Syria, and want to return to normality.

Experts say many Arab governments see last month’s earthquake disaster as reason to deepen engagement with al-Assad.

With a truce largely holding, the council has been able to present itself as working towards a diplomatic solution.

Despite rumours that Russia’s Wagner will fight in Ukraine, analysts expect the paramilitary group to stay in Libya.

The presence of both Turkish and Russian forces in the North African country is deeply unsettling to European powers.